One woman's story and soon more will come out, is this woman "relieved" #RobinSizemore #HopscotchAdoptions #SOAR

https://newseu.cgtn.com/news/2019-12-27/Forced-adoptions-and-babies-for-sale-schemes-uncovered-in-Armenia-MK6afjfe6Y/index.html

Earlier this month, Armenian authorities arrested several officials in connection to this and dozens of other cases, including the head of an orphanage, the country's chief obstetrician-gynaecologist, Razmik Abramyan, and the head of the maternity ward in which Patvakanyan gave birth.

Patvakanyan has accused the detained gynaecologist of being the doctor who coerced her to give up her baby. She said that he threatened to call the authorities on her partner at the time, who was five years older than her, if she did not give up the child. 

Abramyan was released several days after he was detained, his lawyers saying the accusations were "unfounded and absurd." 

The lawyer for Syuzan Patvakanyan (above) claims that the network responsible for the disappearance of her daughter is vast (Credit: AFP/Karen Minasyan)

In a separate incident in November, Armenian security services said that they had discovered another criminal network that was organising international adoptions without the consent of the parents of the children. Between 2016 and 2018, more than 30 babies were adopted by Italians in connection to this case.

Authorities said that young mothers attempting to get abortions were forced to carry their pregnancies to term so that their babies could then be adopted. Armenian authorities began investigating these cases after they discovered that foreign adoptions greatly outnumbered local adoptions.

"Today we have a database including information on children who are eligible for adoption and those who have already been adopted," Aida Muradyan, Programme Manager for Armenia at children's charity World Vision, told AFP. 

"And a combination of basic data shows that we have a mismatch in numbers. This means that there are adopted children, and that we do not have information about them, and we also do not know how many children are currently subject to adoption."

Adoptions have been temporarily suspended in Armenia, and the country plans on abolishing orphanages by 2023.

According to a 2017 Human Rights Watch report, thousands of Armenian children were separated from their parents and placed in orphanages without just cause, and more than 90 percent of all children in Armenian orphanages have at least one living parent.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

OK same story was given to me about the little girl i was adopting except , when I got her birth certificate and had it translated......she was a twin.  

We need to track these children down matching their birthdates, and hospitals.   It will pin point this issue.   When I tracked down the hospital, was told as the birth certificate stated the mother walked out and abandoned the babies.  One was crossed eyed and they felt she was retarded and the other twin ......was adopted out.  TWINS separated by vile filthy adoption agencies.   

I have all the documents and will gladly help .   

Robin Sizemore of Hopscotch Adoptions claims that birth mothers "relieved" someone else is raising their child #HopscotchAdopitions #BennetKelley #ChildAbduction

EREVAN—The Armenian National Police Department has unveiled several more cases of potential illegal international adoptions following the launch of a National Security Service (NSS) investigation into the matter last week. In a video posted to the Police Department’s official YouTube channel on November 19, Lieutenant Colonel Vache Hovsepyan, who heads the police-dedicated organized crime unit, revealed that his team had uncovered cases dating as far back as 2009.

Elaborating on some of the investigation’s preliminary findings, Hovsepyan said orphanage staff members allegedly “provided signed and notarized documents releasing the infants from their biological parents’ custody and consenting to international adoption.” He continued, “However, when we contacted the parents in question, they revealed that they had never signed any such documents, nor had they consented to adoption.”

Hovsepyan also discussed the widespread use of intimidation tactics to receive written consent from parents. He recounted a particular case in which the director of an orphanage allegedly threatened the parents with cutting off access to their child and forging their signature if they refused to consent to international adoption.

The Armenian Weekly spoke with several adoptive families in the United States, under the condition of anonymity, who have largely corroborated these developments. Some of their adoption stories date all the way back to 2005. “My daughter’s birth parents were absolutely shocked when [we] reached out to them,” said one of the parents. “They had been told years ago by the hospital that their daughter had died,” she continued. According to her, the birth parents denied ever signing any adoption papers, despite signatures appearing on the notarized adoption documents which she shared with The Armenian Weekly. 

International adoptions without the consent of the biological parents constitute a breach of the Criminal Code. The current law on adoptions prioritizes requests by adoptive parents who hold Armenian citizenship. Orphaned children are only eligible for international adoption if they are not claimed locally within a three-month period.

Robin Sizemore, executive director at Hopscotch Adoptions, one of two major US-based adoption agencies operating in Armenia, says that the inter-country adoptions are tightly regulated under the Hague Convention to prevent human trafficking of minors. According to her, the inter-country adoption process may take up to several years from start to finish. Prospective adoptive parents are heavily vetted before submitting an initial application to the Office of the Prime Minister of Armenia which could take up to four months to review. Once a child is referred, the adopting parents are allowed to make a visit to Armenia which includes another vetting process by the Armenian Ministry of Justice, after which documents must be re-submitted to the Prime Minister’s office for final approval. Adoption papers and other documents are then translated and couriered to the United States where the adoption agency begins the process of filing an I-800 package. Those documents are then re-submitted to the US Embassy in Yerevan, which reviews the application yet again before requesting a court date for the prospective adoptive parents in Yerevan. Following the final court decision and the issuance of the proper immigration paperwork, parents can start the process of repatriating their adoptive children.

“We only placed 13 children between 2016 and 2018 and will have only placed one child in 2019,” said Sizemore in an email interview with The Armenian Weekly. “This honestly kills my heart. Have you seen the children? No one will come for them.” 

Sizemore suggested that at least some cases of improperly conducted inter-country adoptions may have come about by exploiting loopholes in Armenia’s relatively loose surrogacy laws. “Domestic PAPs [prospective adoptive parents] made private arrangements directly with birth mothers prior to the birth of children or took custody of a newborn directly from the hospital. Neither of these practices is legal but had been traditionally acceptable for domestic families,” read her email response.

She also stressed that her organization always encourages adoptive families to maintain ties to their adoptive children’s birth country, with many making return trips to reunite with relatives in Armenia. “Birth families are so relieved that another mother is doing what they could not do for their child,” she insisted.

Armenian Police are cooperating with the authorities of “several foreign states” through Interpol to track down some of the cases, particularly those in Italy and the United States. Seemingly in response to the concern, the US Embassy in Yerevan tweeted a statement confirming the United States’ commitment “to safeguarding inter-country adoption as an option for children in need” with the hashtag #NationalAdoptionMonth. The tweet also contains a link to the State Department’s guidelines on legal international adoptions.

US Embassy, Armenia

✔@usembarmenia

We are deeply committed to safeguarding intercountry adoption as an option for children in need, and we’re proud that American families adopt half the eligible children worldwide. For information about intercountry adoptions visit: http://ow.ly/XqOZ50xkJ1G  #NationalAdoptionMonth

2

4:35 AM - Nov 26, 2019

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Answering questions from the press on Monday, Armenian Human Rights Ombudsman Arman Tatoyan called these recent developments “deeply concerning” but confirmed that his office is closely monitoring the ongoing investigation.

This is an ongoing investigation, and The Armenian Weekly will be closely following its developments.

ROBIN SIZEMORE YOU SHAMEFUL WOMAN 

https://armenianweekly.com/2019/11/27/armenian-police-investigation-reveals-more-cases-of-fraudulent-international-adoptions/

Visit to Gyumri orphanages and schools #HumanTrafficking

Y CATHERINE YESAYAN

On my train ride to Gyumri, where I was planning to stay for a week to look back to the devastating earthquake of thirty years ago, I sat next to a young mother with her two small kids, traveling to Gyumri to stay for the weekend with family.

Her name was Tamara. I started a conversation with her. I wanted to know about her experience during the earthquake. She was born and raised in Gyumri. She gave me a piece of information that I was not aware of. She said that three years after the earthquake, Great Britain built a school in Gyumri where she attended. The school was named after the poet Lord Byron.

A historical side note: The school was named Lord Byron, because Byron had shown affection for the Armenian culture. In 1816 at the age of 28, Lord Byron had arrived in San Lazzaro Island in Venice, Italy, where the Armenian Mkhitarian fathers had established a prominent center of Armenian studies and culture, and he had plunged into the study of the Armenian language.

Tamara added, “The school was built with the latest technology of the time. It had solar power and during the years between 1991-94 known as the dark years, when Armenia was the throes of the Karabakh war and there was no electricity, and no school in all of Armenia had power, only the Byron School enjoyed electricity.”

Following the 1988 earthquake, all kinds of help from all over the world poured into the country. However, Britain was the first country to erect a school in Gyumri. Later French and German governments rebuilt schools with their respective language emersion.

Prime Minister Margaret Tatcher at the opening ceremony of the Byron school talking to the school kids

Schools in Armenia have language inclinations, meaning some are taught Russian as second language, some French or German and so on. Also the schools are known by numbers. The Byron school which originally was the #20 school in Gyumri, had English as the language emersion.

During the earthquake the original #20 school was hit hard and had toppled, killing 40 students and staff. However, there were a few other schools which had lost three or even four hundred souls.

The five million sterling Pound to build the school was provided partly by the British government and partly by donations raised by the British people and the Armenian community of England. The entire fundraising activity was coordinated by Mr. Kyurkdjian, an Armenian benefactor living in England.

I visited Lord Byron school with my host, Varduhi. There I had the chance to meet with the principle of the school. He gave me a thorough history on the school.

Schools in Armenia are built on multiple levels, however the Byron school, contrary to the norm, was constructed in a single level. At the entrance of the school, the bust of Lord Byron was placed with an inscription.

The author (center) with the principal and vice-principal of the Lord Byron school

The principal said all the building material, the furnishings, the computers, the books and the labor were exported from the United Kingdom. He described how everything had been shipped by boat to the Persian Gulf and from there via land, through Iran, to Armenia and then to Gyumri.

The Byron school opened its doors on June 10, 1990. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom at the time, Margaret Thatcher, attended the opening ceremony. It was her first trip to the Soviet Union. They named the street that the school was on, Margaret Thatcher.
***
On the same day on August 20, after visiting the Byron school, I visited the Terchoonian orphanage in Gyumri. There I met with Sona Simonyan, who has been the director of the orphanage since the day the facility was re-opened fifteen years ago.

I found the orphanage extremely organized and very well maintained. It was a few days before the start of the school and the fresh smell of paint indicated that the school was newly painted and about to open.

Although I had not made a prior arrangement with Sona Simonyan to meet, she welcomed me and allocated enough time to go over the details and answer all the questions I had about the school.

The site of Terchounian Orphanage, which in Armenian is called “Home for Kids,” is steeped in history. Originally the building was built in 1830 to serve as a base for the Russian Army. In the early 20th century, the Near East Relief chose the site to operate an orphanage. Later the building reverted to a military headquarter for the Soviet army.

During the 1988 earthquake, the building was heavily damaged. Thanks to Mr. Terchoonian’s bequest, and the hard work and dedication of men such as the late Archbishop Mesrob Ashjian and Romen Gozmoyan, the orphanage was revived.

Sona Simonyan, the director of the Terchoonian orphanage

The Terchoonian Orphanage of Gyumri, re-opened its doors in the fall of 2003, fifteen years after the earthquake. This was made possible by the generous donation of $350,000 by the family of the late Vahan Terchoonian, to establish a “home for Kids” in Gyumri. Today the orphanage is sustained by the Herman Khenderian Foundation in Detroit.

This was the same orphanage that Mr. Terchoonian as a child had found refuge after escaping the massacres of the Ottoman Empire. He eventually immigrated to the United States.

The name Terchoonian can be translated into “Not having an owner.” Mr. Terchoonian had chosen that name for himself because he had no one in the world.

At present, the orphanage caters to 90 kids— 50 kids stay overnight. There are 53 staff and 27 teachers.

Today there are two more orphanages in Gyumri. One is for handicapped children and the other is managed by the Catholic Charities.

The Armenian Genocide, which took place at the end of the Ottoman Empire in the early years of 20th century, sent waves of refugees from Turkey towards the East. Gyumri is within a close proximity—only 10 miles— East of the border of Turkey, in Armenia, thus a large number of victims fleeing from the mass killings could reach Gyumri and find refuge there. The orphanage was operated by the Near East Relief.

The Near East Relief (NER) was founded in 1919 to raise necessary funds to take care of people who had flown mass killings from the Ottoman Empire.

The NER produced many posters, through which the organization could reach people and raise awareness about the misfortunes happening to Armenian people during those days.

Fortunately, the collection of those posters still exists. One of the iconic posters is a photo of the Terchoonian orphanage, in the early 1900s, where the students have lined up on the grounds of the orphanage and have spelled out the words: “AMERICA WE THANK YOU” that was captured in an aerial shot.

On the walls of the school/orphanage, I saw many pictures from the early 1900s. One of the pictures was that iconic picture that depicts “America We Thank You.”

This humanitarian effort of Near East Relief gained momentum when the American ambassador in Constantinople, Henry Morgenthau, wrote a report detailing the genocide of the Armenian people in Turkey. On October 22, 1916, President Woodrow Wilson urged the American people to make contributions to help Armenians in distress.

The Near East Relief saved the lives of 132,000 orphans who were placed in different facilities.

The NER also mobilized the American people to raise over $116 million, in today’s dollars equivalent to $1.25 Billion.

This research about the earthquake expanded my knowledge and I learned facts that I was not aware of. I did it with love, and I hope you enjoyed reading my reflections.

Why International Adoption is decreasing, the adoption agencies have themselves to blame for trafficking #HopscotchAdoptions

In a recent flurry of articles, the National Council for Adoption asserts that the State Department is responsible for the plummeting number of intercountry adoptions. They are wrong. In fact, nothing could be further from the truth.

There are a multitude of reasons international adoptions to the United States and all other receiving countries have declined. Foreign governments have moved, in many cases, to bolster their own child welfare programs. But as they make progress they have also become concerned about what they increasingly view as lax practices by U.S. adoption service providers (ASPs) and inadequate regulation by federal and state child welfare agencies.

Statistics from the U.S. Department of State.

Susan Jacobs, former Special Advisor to the Office of Children’s Issues at the U.S. State Department. Photo courtesy of Jacobs.

The unfortunate practice of unregulated custody transfer, more commonly referred to as “rehoming,” has become the focus of major concern for sending countries, as well as the State Department. Guatemala, Cambodia, Ethiopia and Nepal have all closed their intercountry adoption programs due to concerns about child trafficking as well as rehoming and other questionable practices by ASPs. The U.S. Department of Justice has successfully prosecuted more than one ASP for criminal activity, but concerns remain.

Russian adoption is a particularly troublesome issue. Russian children have been overrepresented in child fatality and abuse statistics. In one notorious rehoming case, an American adoptive mother put her Russian adopted son on a flight back to Moscow with a one-way ticket.

Ultimately, Russia’s closure was out of the State Department’s hands when Russia chose to close intercountry adoptions in retaliation to U.S. Congress’ passage of the Magnitsky Act.

Maureen Flatley, consultant specializing in adoption and child welfare policy. Photo courtesy of Flatley.

While individual states have struggled with the best path to end this dangerous practice, Congress is advancing a bill to clearly define rehoming as child endangerment to ensure consistent implementation across the country. The passage of the Safe Home Act sponsored by Rep. Jim Langevin, (D-R.I.), and Rep. Donald Bacon (R-Neb.) would send a strong message to foreign governments that the U.S. takes the safety and well-being of their children seriously.

There have been a number of high-profile fatalities of children adopted from other countries. Hyunsu O’Callahan from Korea, Sherin Matthews from India and Hana Williams from Ethiopia all died after careless home studies, lax supervision and non-existent or fraudulent post-placement reporting. Even one case like this is too many. But for sending countries, the aggregation of child fatality and near fatality data has resulted in serious and growing concerns. Foreign countries look to the United States for stronger, more consistent home study standards and more effective supervision.

Another challenge is that some countries, including South Korea, have made it clear that the failure of the U.S. government to ensure full citizenship for adoptees is unacceptable. The failure of the U.S. government to protect adoptees not covered by the Child Citizenship Act of 2000 has eroded confidence in the United States as a destination for their children. More than 50,000 adoptees who came to this country prior to the enactment of the bill are at risk of deportation. Unfortunately, the Adoptee Citizenship Act remains hostage to a process that confuses strengthening adoption policy with “weakening” immigration policy.

The causes of decline are not all bad, either. For many years, the State Department has led international efforts to promote ethical adoption standards around the world while these and other factors have driven numbers down. To a great extent, the decline in intercountry adoptions reflects changing practices in many countries from which Americans had historically adopted in great numbers. Domestic adoptions have increased in some countries like China, resulting in a decrease in international adoptions. This is a turn of events we should applaud and support, not simply view it through the eyes of frustrated American consumers of adoption services.

South Korea was the first country to send children to the United States for adoption and for many years sent the most children. However, in addition to South Korea’s concerns about adoptee citizenship and for a variety of other reasons, over the last few years that country has reduced the number of adoptions by 10 percent every year as they embrace more progressive child welfare practices. A number of high profile deportation cases involving Korean adoptees – one of whom, Philip Clay, committed suicide outside of a Korean government office – have galvanized Korea’s concerns about our failure to take care of important policy details for adoptees. Meanwhile, other countries are watching these dynamics and further hardening their positions about adoption to the United States.

While all of these trends have played out, the State Department has worked diligently on a number of fronts to ensure ethical, appropriate adoption practice. Their diplomatic efforts have resulted in the reopening of Vietnam and efforts continue elsewhere. American diplomats around the world continue to communicate with countries interested in progressive child welfare policy, domestic adoption and intercountry adoption when appropriate. The consensus among academic and diplomatic experts is clear, however, that regulation by other countries – not the U.S. State Department – has contributed to the decline.

As these longstanding concerns grow around the world, we are now confronted with another set of circumstances that continue to undermine, rather than foster confidence in the United States as a partner in intercountry adoption and child welfare. It is almost impossible to imagine the outrage of governments like Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador and others who see firsthand the abuse of their children at our borders. The images of children in cages, babies sleeping on gravel under bridges and a deliberate family separation policy have done little to bolster confidence in our ability to ensure the safety, permanence and well-being of children from around the world who arrive here under various circumstances.

The notion that the State Department maintains “anti-adoption” policies that are “preventing Americans from becoming parents,” as the National Council for Adoption asserts, is both offensive and wrong. In fact, there are more than 100,000 American children legally free for adoption in the U.S. foster care system who would disagree as well. But as long as we ignore the real issues that have undermined intercountry adoption as a social practice, those problems will not be addressed.

The State Department’s efforts are a part of that solution. Congress must play a major role in addressing other concerns. Passage of bills to address unregulated custody transfers, adoptee citizenship, home study standards, post-placement supervision enforcement and the standing of border kids would go a long way toward building confidence with sending countries. In the meantime, the State Department can’t enforce policy that Congress does not generate.

Ambassador Susan Jacobs (ret.) was formerly the Special Advisor to the Office of Children’s Issues at the U.S. Department of State.

Maureen Flatley is a consultant specializing in adoption and child welfare policy.

https://chronicleofsocialchange.org/adoption/the-truth-about-intercountry-adoptions-decline

Hopscotch Adoptions 990 tax returns for 2016, five year snapshot revenues exceed $2 million #RobinSizemore

With a new administration in Armenia, the new first lady is taking on child services.  No Armenian likes the idea of their children being adopted out even the special needs children.  There is a strong drive to close all orphanages and strengthen the care of special needs, education and rehabilitation services with foster care.  Funding was a problem but no longer is for Armenian Families that cannot afford the surgeries and cannot bare the stigma of having a special needs child it's changing. 
Here is Robin Sizemores 5 year snapshot of revenue which exceeded $2 million, it's unclear how much cash she gives Eduard Amalyan and his staff in Armenia as he never declares it in his taxes while military families have to beg for funds.   Hey Bennet we bet you wish you would make this kind of money off of your court scams. 

9 years later 70% of Adoption Agencies closed, and reduction of children trafficked to the USA from 22,000 to barely 4,000 in 2017.  They don't even have a lobbying arm any more it's all done deal at the state department.   Robin is delusional if she thinks if will go back to the days when she was working at Carolina Adoptions - (before she was terminated) 

Hopscotch Adoptions 2016 tax returns $500K + in revenue from Vanessa Kachadurian

Foreign Adoptions by Americans hits three decade low (30 years) and will erode further.

http://www.wsj.com/articles/foreign-adoptions-by-americans-hit-three-decade-low-1459296819

Foreign adoptions by Americans fell 12% last year to the lowest level in more than three decades, according to new figures from the State Department.

The decline is largely because of measures designed to prevent child-trafficking and promote adoption within developing countries, adoption advocates said.

The State Department reported that 5,648 children were adopted abroad in the 2015 fiscal year that ended Sept. 30, down from 6,438 in 2014 and from a peak of 22,884 in 2004.

The last year that fewer overall adoptions were recorded was 1981, at 4,868.

China remains the most popular source of Americans’ foreign adoptions, with 2,354, a 15% increase from 2014. But that number pales compared with 7,903 in 2005.

Armenian Adoption - the woman who sold her baby for $435 to buy firewood American Cyber Report

This has to be one of the most sad stories I have read in years.  It is what happens to single mothers in poor countries all the time, forced to sell or relinquish their child because of poverty.  When one of these crazy "Christian" ministries say they "adopt to save a child" they are lying.  The $40,000 they spend for a foreign adoption could be used to build businesses, schools and clinics for these people instead of preying on people with no power.
Robin Sizemore was doing this up until the Hague Convention was ratified in Armenia (Thank God) poor women relinquished their babies to 2 doctors that Robin worked closely with.  Without a care in the world to the well being of the mother, her other children or her financial situation.  This is preying on poor women and looking down on them as if they are not worthy to be a parent simply because they have no money.
I respect the people that adopt families in poor countries, I send $50.00 a month to help a family outside of Yerevan who went through hard times, when their husband fell ill.  When Adoption advocates lie and say there are 10 million orphans in he world they are talking about "social orphans" who are in orphanages just to get food, clothing and shelter. These children have parents, help them to help their families so they are not forced to sell a child into adoption.  

The poverty in Afghanistan takes a particular toll on children. These youngsters live in a mud-walled home in Kabul's Nasaji Bagrami camp for internally displaced Afghans. In the most dire of circumstances, a parent might abandon or sell a child.

Last week in the northern Afghan province of Balkh, an impoverished mother chose the only option she felt was left to her, after her drug-addicted husband abandoned her. She had to care by herself for five young children and an elderly father. So she sold her 1-month-old infant for money — the equivalent of about $435 in American currency — to buy kindling wood to keep her four other children from freezing in the harsh winter weather.

 

Such incidents of child-selling are shocking — and illegal in Afghanistan. But in a country plagued by chronic poverty amid decades of conflict and instability, it is not the only instance. "This is the fourth case over the past year," according to Armakhail Safiullah, child protection adviser in Afghanistan for the international children's charity Save the Children. To learn more about the plight of children and families caught in such situations, we spoke to Safiullah and to Zubaida Akhbarto, a communications officer for Save the Children in Afghanistan. The conversation has been condensed and edited for clarity.
What is happening with this case now?
Safiullah: We're responding to this particular case in coordination with governmental agencies in the northern region of Afghanistan. The baby is still with the mother, and we will not separate them. We are also referring the father to treatment for his drug addiction.
What are the underlying factors for this and similar cases?
Safiullah: It is mainly poverty and the economy. They see no other option financially to survive.
How common is baby-selling? Isn't it illegal?
Safiullah: Child-selling and early marriage are completely illegal. The law clearly states that the selling of children is a crime.
Akhbarto: It happens much more widely than we know about. It is socially accepted, and no one will normally interfere. In some cases girls are being exchanged and used like money to pay off debts. Sometimes it is child labor. Of the four cases over the past year, three were female, one male. Two of these cases were early marriages, where money is given in return for the engagement of young girls under the age of 16. It is called early marriage, but it is child-selling. The other two cases were directly child-selling. The 1-month-old infant is the latest.
Could families who cannot support young children give up a child for adoption?
Safiullah: Adoption is not common in Afghanistan, and culturally is not very encouraged. If a child does not have any parents, generally a family member will be turned to first. Usually a blood relative such as grandparents or an uncle or auntie will become responsible. The family adopting has to be Muslim. And there is no international adoption.
What happens to those children who do not have anyone who will care for them?
Safiullah: At the end of 2013 we had 11,000-plus children in orphanages and child-care centers. But there are issues of quality in these orphanages and centers.
What is being done to protect vulnerable children and prevent families from feeling forced into abandoning or selling their children?
Safiullah: We're involved in two efforts. In the first, we are working with religious leaders to encourage them to talk during the Friday prayers, to help disseminate information from the mosques about the importance of child protection, about promoting positive practices toward children, and educating community members.
Second, we are building community-based networks to work for the protection of children. We meet with community and religious leaders, teachers, parents and elders to raise awareness and help them monitor cases and raise concerns with local authorities.
Is it working?
Safiullah: These efforts are significantly contributing to the reduction of the number of cases of children requiring protection.